About Wardha District (Maharashtra)
Wardha district, a part of the Nagpur division is a district of Maharashtra state with its administrative headquarters located at Wardha city. The history of Wardha is very different from the history of the other districts of the Maharashtra state. Moreover, this place is famous for its Natural History, since the Ostrich egg-shell has been found at Sindi (Railway) in Wardha district. During different periods of time the place was under the rule of many renowned empires likewise, Mauryas, Shungas, Satavahanas, Vakatakas Pravarpur and many more. Once, the present Pavnar of the Wardha district was the capital of the Vakataka dynasty. The region of Wardha was also ruled by Chalukyas, Rashtrakutas, Yadavas, Delhi Sultanate, Bahamani Sultanate, Muslim ruler of Berar, Gonds and Maratha. In the medieval period some of the illustrious rulers ruled the place were namely Raja Buland Shaha of Gonds, Raghuji of Bhonsale, etc. In 1850s British came to the Wardha, then a part of Nagpur and started to rule over it. Its headquarters city Wardha is a sister city for the place Sevagram and both were used as main centres for the Indian Independence Movement. Furthermore, these two places are used as the headquarters for an annual meet of the Indian National Congress in 1934 and Mahatma Gandhi's Ashram as well.
Murlidhar Devidas Amte, an eminent Indian social worker and social activist who became well-known for his work for the rehabilitation and empowerment of poor people suffering from leprosy was born on 26th December, 1914 at Hinganghat in the Wardha district. The Government of India honoured him with the prestigious Padma Shri Award in 1971, Padma Vibhushan Award in 1986 and Gandhi Peace Prize in 1999.
Geographically, the district lies at 20°74'N latitude, 78°60'E longitude and 234 m altitude. In the year 2021, there was a total 13.70% forest area of total geographical area. The district encompasses a geographical area of 6,309 sq km. and in terms of geographical area it occupies the ranks of 27th in the state and 164th in India. It is bounded by Amravati district on the North and West, Yavatmal district on the South, Chandrapur district on the South East and Nagpur district on the East. Most of its rainfall occurs in the monsoon season. The actual rainfall in the district was 1088.2 mm in the year of 2021-22.
Administration wise, the district is divided into 8 tehsils namely Wardha, Deoli, Seloo, Arvi, Ashti, Karanja, Hinganghat and Samudrapur. Moreover, it comprises 13 towns and 973 villages. The administrative language in the district is Marathi.
According to 2011census the district has a population of 13,00,774 out of which 6,68,385 are males and 6,32,389 are females. The district has a sex ratio of 946 females for every 1000 males. In the year 2001-2011 the population growth rate in the district was 5.18% including 4.60% were males and 5.80% were females. The population density in the district is 206 persons per sq. km. In the year 2020 the number of live births in the district was 18,041 out of which 9,292 were males and 8,749 were females. In the same year the number of deaths in the district was 10,507 out of which 6,434 were males and 4,073 were females. As per 2011 census the major religion in the district is Hindu with 81.27% of the total population. According to 2011 census the principal language in the district is Marathi with 87.78%.
Agriculture is the backbone of the economy of the district. Cotton farming and Soybean cultivation is quite common in the district. Government has also provided some canals to irrigate the agricultural fields of the district. More than half of its population are engaged in agriculture in order to earn their livelihood. The other chief agricultural products in the district are wheat, pulses, groundnut, etc. Slowly and gradually, Wardha became the second industrial hub of Vidarbha area. This is possible only because of its geographical location and very well rail and road connectivity. Earlier, it was scantily industrialised. Some of its prominent industries are Uttam Galva metallics ltd., Uttam value steels ltd (Previously Lloyds Steel Industries ltd), Indraprastha power plant, Lanco power plant (Mandwa), Mahalaxmi steel plant, Gammon industries, Powergrid's largest station and many more. In the year 2020-21 the gross domestic product in the district was Rs. 24,39,400 lakhs at current price and Rs. 16,98,300 lakhs at constant prices in the year 2011-2012. The net domestic product in the district during the period 2020-21 was Rs. 21,74,500 lakh at current price and Rs. 15,00,800 lakh at constant prices in the year 2011-2012. The Per Capita Income or NDDP, At Factor Cost during the period 2020-21 was Rs. 1,53,627 at current price and Rs. 1,06,032 at constant prices in the year 2011-2012.
The district is an abode of several reputed educational institutions. It provides a platform for higher education. Some of its recognised educational institutions are Mahatma Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, Bapurao Deshmukh College of Engineering, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Ayurvedic medical college, Rashtrabhasha Prachar Samiti, Priyadarshini Mahila Mahavidyalaya, Janakidevi Bajaj College of Science, Institute Of Pharmaceuticals Education and Research, etc. As per 2011 census the literacy rate in the district is 86.99% including 91.92% are males and 81.81% are females.
Suresh Ganapat Wagmare, a veteran Indian politician and a member of the 14th Lok Sabha from the Wardha constituency was born on 15th September, 1961 at Wardha city. He is a member of the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) political party.
The district has several centres of attraction which allures many travellers from different parts of the country as well as world. Magan Sangrahalaya, a famous museum located at Wardha was inaugurated by Mahatma Gandhi in 1938. The main reason behind the construction of this museum is to spread awareness about research and development of rural industries, agriculture, dairy, various types of charkhas, khadi, hadicrafts by rural artisans, methods to promote Swadeshi movement, etc. Gitai Mandir, a well-known temple situated in Gopuri near Vishwa Shanti Stupa at Wardha is very unique since it has no deity and roof. But there are some walls in the temples which are made up of granite and moreover, very beautifully 18 chapters of Shrimad-bhagwad-gita in marathi are inscribed in it. Sevagram ashram is one of the most popular destinations of the place Wardha since it was the residence of Mahatma Gandhi from 1936 to 1948. Some other notable places of interest in the district are Paramdham Ashram, Rashtrabhasha Prachar Samiti, Kelzar Ganpati Temple and many more.